微结构疏水表面的液滴浸润特性

以聚二甲基硅氧烷(PDMS)为基底采用光刻蚀法制备了具有不同粗糙度的微方柱结构疏水表面,研究了微结构疏水表面的液滴浸润特性.结果表明,微方柱高度对表观接触角影响很小,但会显著影响疏水表面液滴浸润状态的稳定性,当微方柱边长和间距一定时,存在一个临界高度,当微方柱高度大于该临界值时,液滴具有良好的稳定性.通过对不同温度下疏水表面液滴浸润状态的研究表明,在露点温度至环境温度区间内,随着温度的增加,表观接触角呈增大趋势;在环境温度至沸点温度区间内,随着温度的升高,表观接触角呈减小的趋势.研究认为,合理的微结构尺寸和应用环境温度对液滴浸润状态的稳定具有重要意义.     

Fluorinated Hyperbranched Poly（urea-urethane）s Containing Reactive Groups： Synthesis, Characterization and Application on Cotton Fabric

A series of hyperbranched poly(urea-urethane) s (HPUs)containing short fluoroalkyl chain and reactive groups (HPUFs)capable as hydrophobic and oleophobic coating materials were synthesized.The obtained polymers were characterized by FTIR ( fouier transform-infrared spectroscopy ),1 H NMR ( nuclear magnetic resonance),13C NMR,19F NMR,GPC(gel permeation chromatography),TGA ( thermogravimetric analyzer),and XPS (X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy) analyses.Highly hydrophobic and oleophobic cotton fabrics could be achieved from these fluorinated hyperbranched polymers by solution-immersion coating method.The static contact angles reached to 143°,114°,and 92° for water,hexadecane,and decane,respectively.The water and oil repellency ratings were 90 and 6,respectively,and still kept 80 and 5.respectively,after 10 soaping cycles at 50℃.     

Synthesis of self-assembled needle-shaped calcium carbonate superstructures

Novel self-assembled calcium carbonate (CaCO₃) crystals exhibiting the morphology of well-defined needles were synthesized by a simple precipitation reaction in the presence of octadecyl dihydrogen phosphate (ODP) as a crystal additive. The CaCO₃ obtained by this method is hydrophobic, making it likely to be used widely in industry. The resulting products were characterized by powder X-ray diffraction, field emission scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and contact angle experiments. The results indicated that ODP plays an important role in determining the structure, morphology and hydrophobicity of CaCO₃ crystals.     

基于复扩散模型憎水性图像多尺度亮点检测算法研究

在多尺度框架下，提出基于非线性复扩散模型憎水性图像水珠亮点检测算法，最后采用模糊均类算法对多尺度虚部图像水珠亮点进行提取。实验结果表明：对于不同憎水性等级憎水性图像，水珠亮点检测都达到95％以上，这为对绝缘子憎水性等级估判及水珠（水迹）的进一步分割提供了重要的信息。     

Molecular dynamics simulation of wetting behavior at CO2/water/solid interfaces

We used molecular dynamics simulation to demonstrate the microscopic wetting behavior of two solid model surfaces for the first time. Hydrophilic and hydrophobic features were modeled in a dense CO₂ fluid environment under various densities. The water droplet loses contact with the surface under the influence of higher density CO₂ fluids on the hydrophobic surface. For the hydro-philic surface, no separation between the water droplet and the surface was observed. However, the contact angle of the water droplet on the hydrophilic surface was found to increase with the fluid density. The effect of dense CO₂ fluid on the surface wettability can be interpreted in terms of enhanced interactions from the surrounding CO₂ molecules.     

溶剂热法制备十二胺改性的氧化石墨及其表征

为了改善氧化石墨的亲油性,获得能够在有机溶剂甲苯中稳定分散的氧化石墨,以改进的Hummers法制备的氧化石墨胶体为前躯体,通过溶剂热法,在不同的反应条件下用十二胺对氧化石墨进行改性,制备了疏水的功能化氧化石墨.采用X射线衍射、紫外-可见分光光度计、红外光谱、拉曼和接触角测试对所得产物进行表征,考察了反应条件对产物结构及疏水性的影响.结果表明:经十二胺处理后氧化石墨的—COOH能与十二胺中的胺基发生反应,生成酰胺基团;在120℃,3h溶剂热条件下经过十二胺处理后的氧化石墨表现出了较好的疏水性,能均匀分散在甲苯中,真空抽滤获得的氧化石墨薄膜接触角由未处理前的16.9°提高到101.7°.     

4A沸石/离子液体修饰碳糊电极的电化学行为及其对多巴胺的测定

以4A沸石和1-正丁基-3-甲基咪唑六氟磷酸盐离子液体为修饰剂,制备了沸石/离子液体修饰碳糊电极,研究了该电极的电化学行为及其对多巴胺的选择性测定。实验表明:该修饰电极在铁氰化钾溶液中有一对明显的氧化还原峰,而且可逆性较好。在沸石/离子液体修饰电极上,抗坏血酸和多巴胺的峰电位差大约为225 mV;在抗坏血酸存在下,多巴胺的峰电流与浓度在5.0×10-8 mol·L-1到9.0×10-6 mol·L-1的范围内呈现良好的线性关系,检出限为4.9×10-9 mol·L-1(S/N=3)。该电极具有高灵敏性和稳定性,可用于多巴胺的检测。     

疏水缔合聚合物APP4流变性能实验研究

采用RS6000测试了疏水缔合聚合物APP4的流变性能,并采用Carreau模型进行拟合.实验及拟合结果表明,疏水缔合聚合物具有较高的零剪切黏度,在质量浓度为500～2 000mg/L范围内,溶液由牛顿流体向假塑性流体转变的剪切速率在2.107～2.241 s-1附近,聚合物的质量浓度在3 000 mg/L时转变速率在...     

疏水缔合聚合物溶液性能及其驱油效果

针对胜利油田高温高盐的油藏环境,设计合成了一种具有梳型结构的疏水缔合聚合物,系统考察了该聚合物溶液的增黏性、耐温抗盐性、长期稳定性、注入性和驱油效果。实验结果表明,随着浓度的增加,溶液黏度呈指数增长,增黏性强。在高温高盐条件下,该疏水缔合聚合物溶液黏度均比常规聚丙烯酰胺溶液高,表现出优异的耐温抗盐性能。在90℃条件下,随老化时间增加,溶液黏度先增加后降低,60 d后溶液黏度值大于40 mPa·s,表现出优异的长期稳定性。随注入量增加,压力先增加后趋于平衡,达到0.5 MPa,表明其注入性良好。当注入浓度一定时,随着注入倍数的增加,提高原油采收率幅度先增大后趋于稳定;当注入倍数一定时,随疏水缔合聚合物浓度的增加,提高采收率幅度增大。     

氯盐冻融对疏水性纳米白炭黑改性沥青性能的影响

基于基础性能试验、动态剪切流变(DSR)试验、热重分析(TGA)试验和红外光谱(FTIR)试验,对疏水性纳米白炭黑改性沥青在氯盐冻融环境下的劣化进程进行了系统研究。试验结果表明,疏水性纳米白炭黑的掺入可以有效抑制沥青在氯盐冻融环境下的劣化进程。基础性能试验和DSR试验表明经过30次氯盐冻融循环后,疏水性纳米白炭黑改性沥青的针入度增加了17.46%,软化点提高了5.82%,黏度增加了7.76%,车辙因子提升了17%～54%,其增长幅度远小于基质沥青,说明疏水性纳米白炭黑的掺入可以有效降低沥青对氯盐冻融环境的敏感度。TGA试验数据表明了疏水性纳米白炭黑可以提高沥青的热稳定性,但是疏水性纳米白炭黑改性沥青的热稳定性受氯盐冻融环境影响较为明显,这是由于疏水性纳米白炭黑在改性沥青过程中键合作用形成的连接键在氯盐冻融环境下更容易被破坏。通过FTIR试验可以发现在氯盐冻融环境下沥青发生了化学反应,但无新官能团出现。其中游离烃基(3 676 cm~(-1))变化最为明显,可以更为有效地描述2种沥青在氯盐冻融环境下的劣化进程。在氯盐冻融环境下,疏水性纳米白炭黑改性沥青各官能团无明显变化,分布较为稳定,具有较高的性能稳定性。